宁红丽 中国人民大学法学博士,经济学博士后,现为对外经济贸易大学法学院副教授
【正文】
摘 要: 理论上对赠与人撤销权制度的认识存在着极大的分歧。赠与人的撤销权为民法撤销权体系中的特例之一,它实际上应被称为“撤回权”,并具有后悔权的意义,在性质上更类似于解除权。赠与人的任意撤回权与赠与合同的诺成性攸关,是旨在弥补赠与被立法确认为诺成合同后对赠与人要求过苛的弊端而设计的救济性手段。任意撤回权的行使虽为法定,但赠与人亦应赔偿受赠人因此所遭受的信赖利益损失,且其责任基础不是一般所认为的缔约过失责任而应是违约责任。
关键词: 撤销权体系 任意撤回权 赠与合同的性质 缔约过失责任
Research on the right of revocation of donor & the primary structures of the system of donation
NING Hong-li
(The law department, University of international business and economics Beijing, 100029)
Abstract:There are disputations about donator’s right of revocation theoretically. As the exception of the system of right of revocation, the right of revocation of the donator should name by “right to recall the declaration of will at-will ”, means that the donator enjoys the right to regret. The right of revocation relates to the consensual characteristic of donation contract closely, and it is the remedy to relieve the burden of the donator after the conclusion of contract. The donator should compensates the loss of reliance interest arising from the execution of the right of revocation for his breach of contract.
Key words: the system of right of revocation; right to recall the declaration of will at-will; Character of the contract of gifts; negligent responsibility in treaty-making
赠与人的撤销权是我国合同法赠与合同章所确立的主要制度。对此权利,较无疑义的是:无论是任意撤销权还是法定撤销权都是缓和赠与合同拘束力的措施;此权利的存在,使得受赠人所享有的债权效力的强度较为薄弱。然而,由于该制度是研究未臻深入时仓促立法的产物,关于其的理论研究还存在着若干盲点:撤销权的名称能否妥当的涵盖立法所规定的内容?该制度在民法的撤销权体系中居于何种地位?其与可撤销合同中表意人所享有的撤销权、保全债权人所享有的撤销权以及在建立了无店铺贩卖制度的立法中买受人所享有的取消交易的权利等有否差别?被定性为形成权的赠与人撤销权还具有何种更为明确的性质?它与赠与合同的性质有否关联?等等,此类问题,在理论上涉及到我国民法制度体系的和谐与赠与合同的准确定性,在实践中影响着赠与合同制度的解释适用,均有深入探讨的价值。